What is Mammography?
Mammography is a medical imaging technique used in screening and diagnosis of breast diseases in women. It involves using low-dose x-rays of the breasts to detect any abnormalities such as breast cancer even before physical symptoms appear. During a mammogram, the breast is compressed between two plates which helps to spread out the breast tissue and take clear x-ray images.
Importance of Early Detection and Screening
Early detection of breast cancer greatly improves the chances of successful treatment and survival. According to studies, mortality rates have declined significantly in areas where Mammography screening programs have been implemented. Screening mammograms can detect lumps that are too small to feel, sometimes years before they are large enough to be felt by hand. Finding breast cancer early, at the pre-symptomatic stage, allows for less radical treatment options which helps preserve breasts and reduces risks. Regular mammogram screenings are recommended for women above 40 years of age as the risk of breast cancer starts increasing after this age.
Types of Mammograms
There are different types of mammograms used based on the health concerns and conditions of a woman. The standard mammogram is called 2D or screening mammogram. 3D mammogram or digital breast tomosynthesis provides multi-view images of the breast in thin slices and is better at spotting subtle signs of cancer compared to 2D. If an abnormality is detected, additional mammogram views are taken for a closer examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mammogram is generally recommended for high-risk patients and provides more detailed images but has limitations of availability and higher exposure to radiation.
Limitations and Risks
While mammograms are the best screening tool available currently, they are not perfect. No screening test is 100% accurate and mammograms can sometimes miss cancers or deliver false-positive results leading to unnecessary investigations. The density of the breasts also affects the accuracy - it is more difficult to detect signs of cancer through dense breasts. Mammograms expose women to a small amount of radiation which poses a very small increased lifetime risk of getting cancer. However, the benefits of early detection far outweigh these risks. It is important to discuss individual risks and benefits with doctors to make informed decisions about screening.
Preparing for a Mammogram
It is essential to prepare properly for a mammogram to obtain clear images and accurate results. Here are some important guidelines:
- Schedule the mammogram for a date between periods when breasts are less tender or swollen.
- Do not wear deodorants, powders or perfumes on breasts or underarms on the day of test as residues can appear on the films.
- Wear a comfortable two-piece clothing that opens in the front for easy removal of tops and brassieres.
- Informing the technician about menstrual cycle, breast implants, previous surgeries or other medical history that could affect the exam.
- Do not compress or feel breasts for lumps, bumps in the few days before the test as these may falsely appear on the mammogram.
- Ask questions on position, pressure and procedure beforehand so there are no surprises during scans.
- Remain still and hold breath when instructed during images which helps minimize blurriness.
Proper preparation ensures high quality scans are obtained with minimum retakes. Following simple steps can help maximize the benefits of this important breast health screening test.
Interpreting Mammogram Results
After the mammogram is performed, a specialized radiologist reviews and evaluates all the images obtained. The results are then summarized in a report along with specific recommendations for clinical follow up based on findings. Some key terms used in mammogram reports:
- Negative/Benign: No abnormalities detected. Routine screening advised as per schedule.
- BIRADS 1: Negative with very low probability of malignancy requiring no follow up.
- BIRADS 2: Benign findings with very low risk, rescreen in 1 year.
- BIRADS 3: Probably benign needing additional test or short term follow up in 6 months.
- BIRADS 4: Suspicious abnormality necessitating tissue biopsy for diagnosis.
- BIRADS 5: Highly suggestive or proven malignancy where biopsy confirms cancer.
- Inconclusive: Needs additional views or other imaging for conclusive assessment.
Women must discuss interpretations and any required further testing or follow up procedures with their doctor. This ensures any concerning or abnormal results receive timely medical evaluation and treatment as needed.
mammography is an important screening and diagnostic tool for early detection of breast cancer. With proper preparation, interpretation of results enables timely clinical management to maximize chances of successful treatment. This highlights the key role of mammography in facilitating breast cancer control programs globally.
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Money Singh is a seasoned content writer with over four years of experience in the market research sector. Her expertise spans various industries, including food and beverages, biotechnology, chemical and materials, defense and aerospace, consumer goods, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/money-singh-590844163)